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- $Unique_ID{BRK03940}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Lichen Sclerosus}
- $Subject{Lichen Sclerosus Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus White-spot disease
- Csillag's disease Hallopeau I Disease Guttate Morphea Guttate Scleroderma Von
- Zambusch Disease Scleroderma Lichen Planus Carcinoma of the Vulva Hyperplastic
- Dystrophy Paget's Disease of the Vulva }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 252:
- Lichen Sclerosus
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Lichen Sclerosus) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
- White-spot disease
- Csillag's disease
- Hallopeau I Disease
- Guttate Morphea
- Guttate Scleroderma
- Von Zambusch Disease
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Scleroderma
- Lichen Planus
- Carcinoma of the Vulva
- Hyperplastic Dystrophy
- Paget's Disease of the Vulva
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Lichen Sclerosus is a chronic skin disorder that most commonly affects
- women between forty and sixty years of age, although cases have been
- identified among younger females as well. This disorder is characterized by
- skin changes of the vulva, although other body sites can be affected as well.
- In some very rare cases, males have also been affected. Lichen Sclerosus can
- develop concurrently with other skin abnormalities.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Lichen Sclerosus usually affects the vulva in women. It is characterized by
- abnormal changes in the external genitalia and usually occurs between the
- ages of forty and sixty. Skin tissue often becomes thin, shiny, and
- parchment-like. Fissures, cracks, and purplish patches (ecchymoses) appear
- frequently. An eruption of white pimples, either separate or joined
- together, containing a central depression or a black plug of hard skin
- (visible microscopically) occurs. Swelling of the skin, overgrowth of the
- superficial skin layer (epidermal hyperkeratosis), atrophy, and mid-dermal
- inflammation are accompanied by soreness and itching. Atrophy and shrinkage
- of the skin of the vagina and vulva, often accompanied by a chronic
- inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues (kraurosis vulvae) may also
- occur. Lichen Sclerosus is not a premalignant disease.
-
- In males, Lichen Sclerosus is characterized as disease of the foreskin of
- the penis although it may occur in other areas of the body. The opening in
- the end of the foreskin narrows and may become scarred. Discoloration and
- skin changes also occur.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Lichen Sclerosus is not known. It may be due to an
- autoimmune process, an injury, or may follow radiation therapy. Autoimmune
- disorders are caused when the body's natural defenses against foreign
- substances (antibodies) suddenly begin to attack healthy tissue. Some cases
- of Lichen Sclerosus may be linked to formation of antibodies to a thyroid
- protein (thyroglobulin), organ wall (parietal) cells, adrenal cells, or the
- thyroid. Some scientists believe that a genetic predisposition to Lichen
- Sclerosus exists.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Lichen Sclerosus predominantly affects females, usually between the ages of
- forty and sixty. Cases involving younger females and males have also been
- identified in the medical literature in the United States. Females are
- affected at a ratio of six to seven times more often than males.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Lichen
- Sclerosus. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Scleroderma refers to a group of chronic disorders characterized by
- fibrosis, degenerative changes, vascular abnormalities, and excess collagen
- in the skin. Scleroderma is the chronic hardening and shrinking of the
- connective tissues of any part of the body, although the term literally means
- "hardening of the skin". Lichen Sclerosus can occur concurrently with
- Scleroderma. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Scleroderma" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Lichen Planus is a recurrent, itchy, inflammatory eruption of the skin
- which is characterized by small separate, angular spots that may merge into
- rough scaly patches. It is often accompanied by oral lesions. Women are
- most commonly affected by the disorder. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Lichen Planus" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Carcinoma of the Vulva is a malignant neoplasm associated with a number
- of disorders and is characterized by abnormal changes in skin layer cells of
- the vulva. Changes can resemble those of Lichen Sclerosus in very serious
- cases, but will continue to progress or may occur in other areas of the body
- as well. Cases of Lichen Sclerosus occurring in conjunction with this
- condition have been identified.
-
- Hyperplastic Dystrophy affecting the vulva represents an epithelial cell
- response to an injury and is usually accompanied by itching. It may be
- caused by ingestion of foods with high acid content or contact with a
- chemical such as a laundry detergent, body soap, hygiene sprays, dye in
- toilet paper, or other various substances that come in contact with the skin.
- Some fabrics or tight clothing may cause this condition, or there may be no
- apparent cause in some cases. Corticosteroid cream often clears up the skin
- symptoms. This medication may be used as a continued maintenance treatment
- in patients who have recurrences when applications are stopped.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus consists of applications of testosterone to the
- affected areas in females. Surgical removal of affected skin layers may be
- of benefit in very severe cases.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on the use of the drug Etretinate (Tigason) as a treatment for
- Lichen Sclerosus is underway. However, more tests to determine safety and
- effectiveness are necessary before this drug can be recommended for use in
- all but the most severe cases of Lichen Sclerosus.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Lichen Sclerosus, please contact:
-
- For more information on Lichen Sclerosis et Atrophicus, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 1419, 2341.
-
-